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²Ä2³¹ ¯f¬r¾Ç Wolfgang Periser, Christian Drosten
¥Ñ»´ä¡B¬ü°ê¤Î¼w°êªº¬ì¾Ç®a(Ksiazek, Drosten, Peiris 2003a, Poutanen)³Ì¥ýÃÒ¹ê¡AÄY««æ©Ê©I§l¹D¯gÔ¸s(SARS)¬O¥Ñ¤@ºØ·sªº«aª¬¯f¬r(coronavirus)©Ò¤Þ°_¡C¦¹ºØ¯f¬r¥Ø«e¼È®É³QºÙ¬°¡u»PSARS¦³Ãöªº«aª¬¯f¬r¡v(SARS-associated coronavirus, SARS-CoV)¡C SARS¯f¬rªºµo²{ ³Ìªìªº¬ã¨s ¦b¤¤°ê¼sªF¬Ù¬y¦æªº¡uÄY«ªº«D¨å«¬ªÍª¢¡v¦b2003¦~2¤ë11¤é³Qµoªí¦bWHO¡C°_ªì¬O»{¬°¬O¤@ºØ·s«¬ªº¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¯f¬r¡C¦b2¤ë19¤é¡A¬ã¨s¤Hû¦b¤@¦ì»´ä¯fµ£¨¤W¤ÀÂ÷¥X¤@ºØ³¾Ãþªº¬y¦æ©Ê·P«_¯f¬r(avian influenza A, H5N1)³oºØ¯f¬r©M1997¦~¦b»´äÃzµoªº¸V¬y·P«ÜÃþ¦ü¡A¬G°_ªì±M®aÌ»{¬°³o¤S¬O¤@ºØ·s¿³ªº¸V¬y·P¯f¬r§@¯©¡CµM¦Ó¡A³oÓ±À½×°¨¤W´N³Q±Æ°£¤F¡C ±µµÛ¦b»´ä»PªkÄõ§JºÖªº¯f¤H¤§©I§l¹DÀËÅé¦b¹q¤lÅã·LÃè¤Uµo²{¤F¦ü¡u°ÆÂH²G¯f¬r¡v(paramyxovirus)ªºÁû²É¡A©Ò¥H¬ã¨s¤Hû±N¥Ø¼Ð¶°¤¤¦b¡u°ÆÂH²G¯f¬r¡v¬ì(paramyxoviridae family)ªº¯f¬r¨¤W¡C§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¬ã¨sµo²{¤@ºØhMPV¯f¬r(human metapneumovirus)¥X²{¦b³\¦h¡A¦ý«D¥þ³¡ªºSARS¯f¤H¨¤W¡C¦P¼Ë¦a¡A±µ¤U¨Óªº³\¦h¸ÕÅç³£¤£¯àÃÒ©ú¥H¤W¯f¬r´N¬OSARSªº¤¸¥û¡C ¦b´X¥G¦P¤@®É¨è¡A¤¤°êªº¬ã¨sªÌµo²{¦b¼sªF¦]¦¹ºØ¡u«D¨å«¬ªÍª¢¡vªº¦ºªÌ¤¤³£§ä¨ì¤F¦ü©Ü¦çµßªº¥Íª«¡AµM¦Ó¦b¤¤°ê¹Ò¥~ªºSRAS¯f±w¤¤¨Ã¨S¦³§ä¨ì¦¹Ãþ¥Íª«¡C ¦b3¤ë11¤é¡AWHO¥l¶°¤F9Ó°ê®aªº11Ó¹êÅç«Ç¦¨¥ß¤F¦h¤¤¤ß¦X§@²Õ´(multicenter collaborative network)¡A¦@¦P¬ã¨sSARSªº¯f¦]¡A¨Ã´Á«Ý¯à§ä¥X¶EÂ_ªº¤èªk¡C³oÓ¤p²Õªº¦¨û§Q¥Î¹q¸Ü¤Îºô¸ô¥æ´«¥L̵o²{ªº¼Æ¾Ú¡B¼Ë¥»¤Î¸Õ¾¯¡A¥H´Á¯à¥[³t§ä¥XSARSªº¤¸¥û¡C
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«aª¬¯f¬r(Coronaviridae) «aª¬¯f¬r¡]Nidovirales¥Ø¡A«aª¬¯f¬r¬ì¡B«aª¬¯f¬rÄÝ¡^¬O¤@¸s¤j«¬¡B¦³¥~®M½¤(envelope)¡A±a¦³³æªÑ¡A§Y¥iÂà¿ýªº®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä(positive-sense single strand RNA)ªº¯f¬r¡A·|¦b°Êª«²ÓMªº²ÓM½è¤º½Æ»s(Siddell)¡C «aª¬¯f¬rªº°ò¦]ªø«×¬ù¦b2¸U7¤d¨ì3¸U2¤dªºÆP°ò¹ï¤§¶¡¡A¬O®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä(RNA)¯f¬r¤¤³Ì¤jªº¡C¯f¬rÅ骺ª½®|¬ù¦b100¨ì140©`¦Ì¡]nanometer, 10-9¤½¤Ø¡^¤§¶¡¡C¤j³¡¤Àªº¯f¬rÁû²É¦b¹q¤lÅã·LÃè¤U¥i¨£³\¦h¯S®íªº¥Y°_¡A¨CÓ¥Y°_¬ù20©`¦Ì°ª¡A©Ò¥H¥s¥¦Ì«aª¬¯f¬r¡C «aª¬¯f¬r¬ìªº¯f¬r¥H©¹®Ú¾Ú¦å²M¾Çªº¥æ¤e¤ÏÀ³¡Aªñ¨Ó®Ú¾Ú¸ûºë½Tªº°ò¦]§Ç¦C¬Û¦ü«×¡]¨£½u¤W¸ê®Æ®wICTVdB¡^¡A¥i¤À¬°¤TÃþ¡C²Ä¤@Ãþ(Group 1)¡A¥]§t¤ü¿ß·P¬V©Ê¸¡½¤ª¢(canine, feline infectious peritonitis)¡B½Þ°¦¥i¶Ç¬V©Ê¸zGª¢(porcine transmissible gastroenteritis)©M½Þ°¦©I§l¹D¯f¬r(porcine respiratory virus)µ¥µ¥¡F²Ä¤GÃþ(Group 2)¡A¥]§t¤û¡B¹«¨xª¢(bovine, murine hepatitis)¡B¹«³è¸¢²\¸¢ª¢(rat sialodacryoadenitis)¡B¤HÃþ«aª¬¯f¬r(human coronavirus OC43)¡C²Ä¤TÃþ(Group 3)¥u¥]§t³¾Ãþªº¯f¬r¡A¦p³¾Ãþ¶Ç¬V©Ê¤ä®ðºÞª¢(avian infectious bronchitis)¡B¤õÂû«aª¬¯f¬r(turkey coronavirus)µ¥µ¥ ¦b°Êª«¨¤W¡A«aª¬¯f¬r¥i¥H³y¦¨°ªP¯f©Êªº©I§l¡B¸zG¡B¯«¸g¯e¯f©M¨xª¢¡C³y¦¨¤@ºØ¼ç¥ñ´Áµu¡]2~7¤Ñ¡^¡A©I§l¹D©Î¸zGª¢¡A´N¹³SARS¤@¼Ëªº°Êª«¬y¦æ¯f (Holmes)¡C«aª¬¯f¬r³q±`¬O¡u°ªºØ§O©Ê¡vªº(highly species-specific)¡A¥ç§Y¤@ºØ«aª¬¯f¬r³q±`¥u¯à«I¥Ç¬Y¤@ºØ°Êª«¡A¦Ó¤£·|¦b¦UºØ¤£¦P°Êª«¤§¶¡¬y¶Ç¡C¦b§K¬Ì¥¿±`ªº¤H¨¤W¡A«aª¬¯f¬rªº«I¥Ç·|³Q¤¤©M§ÜÅé(neutralizing antibodies)©M²ÓM§K¬Ì¤ÏÀ³(cell-mediated immune response)®ø·À¡C ¬Y¨Ç«aª¬¯f¬r¥i¥H¦b°Êª«¨¤W³y¦¨¥þ¨©ÊP©Rªº¯e¯f¡A¦p¿ß¶Ç¬V©Ê¸¡½¤ª¢¯f¬r(feline infectious peritonitis virus, FIPV)¡B½Þªº¦å²G¾®¶°¸£¯áÅ誢¯f¬r(hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) of swine)¡B¬Y¨ÇºØÃþªº³¾Ãþ¶Ç¬V©Ê¤ä®ðºÞª¢¯f¬r(avian infectious bronchitis virus, IBV)©M¹«¨xª¢¯f¬r(mouse hepatitis virus, MHV)¡C³o¨Ç«aª¬¯f¬r¥i¦b¨xŦ¡BªÍŦ¡BµÇŦ¡B¸z¹D¡BµÊŦ¡B¸£¡B¯áÅè¡Bµøºô½¤¤Î¨ä¥L²Õ´¤¤¶i¦æ½Æ»s (Holmes)¡C¥L̬O¸gÀÙ¤W«Ü«nªº®a¸V®a¯b¤§«¯g¯e¯f¡C ¤HÃþ«aª¬¯f¬r (HCoVs) ì¥ý¥u¤Þ°_»´·Lªº¯e¯f¡C³oÃþ«aª¬¯f¬rÄÝ©ó«ez²Ä¤@Ãþ (HCoV-229E) ©M²Ä¤GÃþ (HCoV-OC43) ªº«aª¬¯f¬r¡A³q±`¬°¤Þ°_»´«×©I§l¹D¯e¯fªº¥Dn¯fìÅ餧¤@¡C¸Ó¯f¬r°¸º¸·|¾ÉP¥®µ£©M¦¨¤H¤U©I§l¹Dªº««×·P¬V¡A¥H¤Î¤Þ°_·s¥Í¨àÃa¦º©Ê¸zª¢(necrotizing enterocolitis) (McIntosh, El-Sahly, Folz, Sizun)¡C ¤Wz¤wª¾ªº¤HÃþ«aª¬¯f¬r(human coronaviruses)¥i¦b¦ÛµMÀô¹Òªí±¦s¬¡¹F¤T¤p®É¥H¤W (Sizun)¡C«aª¬¯f¬r¥i¯à¬OÂǥѸªj¡B¦Ã¬Vªº¤â¡B¯f´C¡B©Î¬O·L¤pªº®ðºAÁû²É¦b¤H»P¤H¤§¶¡¶Ç¼½ (Ijaz)¡C SARS«aª¬¯f¬r (SARS-related CoV) ¦ü¥G¬O·|³y¦¨¤HÃþ«¯g¯e¯fªº²Ä¤@Ó«aª¬¯f¬r¡C
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«¬ºA¾Ç ±wªÌ¼Ð¥»¤Î²ÓM°ö¾i¤W²M²Gªºt¬V¬ï³z¦¡¹q¤lÅã·LÃè(negative-stain transmission electron microscopy)Æ[¹îÅã¥Ü¦¹¬°¦h«¬©Ê¡B³Q¦³¥~®M½¤ªº«aª¬¯f¬r¼ËªºÁû²É¡Aª½®|¤¶©ó60 - 130 ©`¦Ì(nm)¤§¶¡(Ksiazek, Peiris)¡C ¥ÎÁ¡¤ù¹q¤lÅã·LÃè(thin-section electron microscopy)Æ[¹î³Q·P¬Vªº²ÓMÅã¥Ü«aª¬¯f¬r¼ËªºÁû²É¦ì©ó¥Ñ²ÓM½¤¥]³òªºªÅªw(cytoplasmic membrane-bound vacuoles)¤¤©M²Ê±¤º½èºô(rough endoplasmic reticulum)ªº¤ºM¼ßºô¼Ñ(cisternae)¤¤¡CM¥~Áû²É»E¶°¦¨ÁL¡A±`¨£©óM¼ß½¤ªºªí±¤W(MMWR 2003; 52: 241-248)¡C ²Õ´µ²ºc
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°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ(References)
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