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Adenomysis is the growth of endometrial glands and stroma in the
uterine myometrium at a depth of at least 2.5mm from the basalis
layer of the endometrium. These glands do not usually undergo the
traditional cyclic proliferative and secretory changes that are
associated with differing levels of ovarian hormone production. The
uterine posterior wall is usually involved more than the anterior
wall. In the more common, diffuse type of adenomyosis the uterus is
uniformly enlarged, usually 2 to 3 times normal size.
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The
incidental may exceed 60% in women 40 to 50 years of age.
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Some
studies have demonstrated a lack of progesterone receptors in tissue
from adenomyosis and fewer estrogen receptors than normal
endometrium.
Clinical
Diagnosis
Symptoms
and signs:
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The
majority of women with adenomyosis are asymptomatic or minor
symptoms.
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Symptomatic adenomyosis usually presents in women between the ages
of 35 and 50, and the majority women are parous and frequently have
several children.
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The
clinical symptoms of adenomyosis are secondary dysmenorrhea and
menorrhagia, dyaparareunia.
Diagnosis:
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Adenomysis is a clinical diagnosis and imaging studies, although
helpful are not definitive .
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In
women with diffuse uterine enlargement and negative pregnancy test.
Secondary
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dysmenorrhea may be attributed to adenomyosis.
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Suspected adenomyosis can be confirmed pathologically only at the
time of hysterectomy. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in only
48% of cases.
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Management:
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There
is no satisfactory medical treatment for adenomyosis,
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Patients can be treated with cyclic hormones or prostaglandin
synthetase inhibitors for their abnormal bleeding and pain.
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Hysterectomy is the definitive treatment if this therapy is
appropriate for women¡¦s age, parity, and plans for future
reproduction.
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